In Datong, Shanxi Province, a disruptive energy experiment is underway: the National Energy Group will combine 50MW flywheel energy storage with 150MW lithium iron phosphate batteries to build the world's first GW hybrid energy storage power station. This system has increased the frequency modulation income of the power grid by 23%, and reduced the cost of KWH by 0.15 yuan, revealing the three core values of the "flywheel + lithium battery" combination.
Traditional energy storage faces the triangle paradox of "power density-energy density-cycle life", while hybrid systems achieve breakthroughs through division of labor and coordination:
The flywheel acts as the "spearhead" :
Responding to power grid frequency fluctuations at the millisecond level, 90% energy storage is released within 5 seconds, perfectly solving the problem of lithium response delay. Tests conducted by the Jiangsu Institute of Electrical Science and Technology of the State Grid show that the frequency modulation accuracy of the hybrid system reaches 99.7%, which is 8 percentage points higher than that of the pure lithium battery scheme.
Lithium as the "main force" :
It undertakes hourly energy scheduling, SOC (state of charge) is always maintained in the healthy range of 30%-80%, and the cycle life is increased from 6,000 to 10,000 times.
Intelligent control center:
The Energy Cloud system developed by Huawei can dynamically assign tasks based on AI algorithms: when the frequency deviation is >0.05Hz, the flywheel is started, and the lithium battery is switched when the frequency deviation is <0.02Hz, so that the system efficiency is always above 92%.
In the Ulanqab hybrid energy storage project in Inner Mongolia, the investor calculated an account:
| Index | Pure lithium solution | Hybrid energy storage scheme | Optimization range |
| Construction cost | 320 million yuan | 280 million yuan | -12.5% |
| Annual operation and maintenance costs | 24 million yuan | 18 million yuan | -25% |
| FM revenue | 62 million yuan | 89 million yuan | +43.5% |
| Payback period | 8.1 years | 5.3 years | -34.6% |
The core cost reduction logic is:
l flywheel undertakes 80% high frequency charge and discharge, reducing the average daily cycle of lithium battery from 3 times to 0.8 times, and extending the life by 3 times
l The land area of the hybrid system was reduced by 45%, and the land cost was saved by 12 million yuan
l Participated in the power spot market arbitrage, peak-valley spread profit increased by 30%
Third, standards and safety: 2025 new regulations reshape the industry ecology
The upcoming implementation of the "Hybrid Energy Storage System Technical Specification" has brought three major changes:
Performance classification:
The system is divided into class A (response time <10ms), Class B (10-100ms), and Class C (>100ms), corresponding to different application scenarios.
Security redundancy:
It is mandatory that the flywheel system is equipped with dual vacuum pumps and three-way leakage monitoring to ensure that the vacuum degree is maintained at the 10^-5 Pa level.
Interface unification:
Develop CAN bus communication protocol standards, so that different manufacturers can plug and play equipment, reduce the difficulty of system integration by 30%.
Future vision: from grid FM to urban energy brain
Tesla's newly released Grid Booster 2.0 system combines a flywheel-lithium battery combination with a virtual power plant (VPP) to achieve a triple jump:
Response speed: Edge computing compresses decision latency to 0.1 ms
Energy reuse: Flywheel waste heat is used for constant temperature control of lithium batteries, reducing PUE to 1.05
Commercial expansion: User-side energy storage can be aggregated to participate in demand response, increasing the annual income of a single family by 800 yuan
In the Nanshan Demonstration Zone in Shenzhen, this model has been connected to 23,000 energy storage nodes, forming a 50MW flexible adjustment capacity. According to the National Development and Reform Commission predicts that by 2030, China's hybrid energy storage installed capacity will reach 120GW, becoming the core pillar of the new power system.
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